A New Method for Determining Compound Specific Carbon Isotope of Chlorinated Solvents in Porewater

Determination of Compound-Specific Carbon Isotope Ratios of Chlorinated Methanes, Ethanes, and Ethenes in Aqueous Samples

Compound-specific carbon isotope ratio analysis is a promising tool to assess the origin and fate of organic contaminants in groundwater. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a reliable, fast method to determine carbon isotope ratios of chlorinated methanes, ethanes, and ethenes in aqueous samples. Direct solid-phase microextraction (dSPME) and headspace solid-phase microextraction...

Compound-specific isotope analysis

The isotopic composition, e.g. 14C/12C, 13C/12C, 2H/1H, 15N/14N and 18O/16O, of matter elements is heterogeneous. It is ruled by physical, chemical and biological mechanisms. Isotopes thus be enable to follow the fate of mineral and organic compounds during biogeochemical transformations. The determination of the isotopic composition of organic substances occurring at trace level into very comp...

Chlorinated solvents

Measuring carbon isotope ratios of microphytobenthos using compound-specific stable isotope analysis of phytol

Carbon stable isotope analysis is one of the most common methods for validating theories about the role microphytobenthos (MPB) plays in estuarine food webs. However, difficulties extracting MPB from sediments to determine a pure isotope signature have hampered such studies. We have developed compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of phytol δ13C (δCphytol) as an accurate proxy for δ 13C of b...

solution of security constrained unit commitment problem by a new multi-objective optimization method

چکیده-پخش بار بهینه به عنوان یکی از ابزار زیر بنایی برای تحلیل سیستم های قدرت پیچیده ،برای مدت طولانی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.پخش بار بهینه توابع هدف یک سیستم قدرت از جمله تابع هزینه سوخت ،آلودگی ،تلفات را بهینه می کند،و هم زمان قیود سیستم قدرت را نیز برآورده می کند.در کلی ترین حالتopf یک مساله بهینه سازی غیر خطی ،غیر محدب،مقیاس بزرگ،و ایستا می باشد که می تواند شامل متغیرهای کنترلی پیوسته و گ...